The Department of Mathematics started functioning in the year 1964. The lecturing were initially held in Gokhale College. Prof. K. Nirmala was the first Head of the Department. The other staff member were Prof. Waghmare, Prof. T. H. Date, Prof. Tagare, Prof. K. K .Deshpande and Prof. Murdeshwar contributed to the department at the initial stage. The lectures were held in the University campus from 1967-68 at Physics department.
In 1982 the Department was shifted to the present building. Prof. L. Radhakrishna (1969-1975, 1984-1996), Prof. B. R. Bhonsle (1975-1977), Prof. R. K. Saxena (1978-1984), Prof. G. G. Asgekar (1996-1997, 2000-2001), Prof. H. V. Kumbhojkar (a first batch student) (1997-2000), Prof. M. S. Chaudhary (2001-2004, 2007-2009), Prof. (Mrs.) Y. S. Pawar (2004-2007, 2010), Dr. L. N. Katkar (2010-2013, 2016-2017), Prof.(Mrs.) S. H. Thakar (2013-2016, 2017- till the date) have been the Heads of the Department. 
Since 2009, the Department has started new M.Sc Tech course of 3 years duration.
The Department has produced more than 85 Ph.D and 105 M.Phil students. The Department has organized several training programs, workshops, seminars, student carnival and conferences.
Eminent mathematicians such as Jayant Naralikar, Dr. Ahuja, S. S. Abhyankar, Abhay Ashtekar have visited the Department.
Some of the notable alumni of the department are: 
Prof. Usha DesaleBhosale, Dr. Manisha Kulkarni, Prof. Amba RaoKulkarni, Rajendra Akerkar, Dr. Mahesh Narayan Dumaldar, Anilkumar Awati, Sanjay R. More.
The Department has NBHM funded Library